上[shàng]

形

1. (used before a noun) upper (in position or quality); higher; better; superior

♦ ~半截 the upper half

♦ 在书架的最~一层放着 lie on the top shelf

♦ 中~水平 above the average; better than the average

2. most recent; last; former

♦ ~次 last time

♦ ~星期四 last Thursday

♦ ~个世纪 the last century

♦ ~一季度 the previous quarter

♦ ~两批 the last two groups

3. first (of sth. divided into two or three parts)

♦ ~半学期 the first half of the term

♦ 二十世纪~半叶 the first half of the 20th century

♦ ~一段 the preceding (or above, foregoing) paragraph

动

1. come or go up; ascend

♦ ~山 go or climb up a mountain

♦ ~楼 go or come upstairs; ascend the stairs

♦ 溯流而~ sail or go upstream

2. get on (a conveyance); mount; board

♦ ~公共汽车 get on a bus

♦ ~飞机 board a plane

♦ ~船 go aboard a ship; go on board

3. go to; leave for

♦ 你~哪儿? Where are you going?

♦ 我明天~南京。 I'm leaving for Nanjing tomorrow.

♦ 我~卫生室。 I'm going to the clinic.

4. forge ahead; go ahead

♦ 快~, 投篮!Go ahead. Quick! Shoot!

♦ 见困难就~ advance where there are difficulties to overcome

5. (used in stage directions) appear on the stage; enter

♦ 二战士左~。 Enter left two soldiers.

6.体enter the court or field

♦ 换人!三号下, 四号~。 Substitution: Player No. 4 for No. 3.

♦ 这一盘你~。 You play this game.

7. fill; supply; serve

♦ 上水

♦ 上菜

8. place sth. in position; fix

♦ ~刀具 fix a cutting tool

♦ 步枪都~了刺刀。 All the rifles have bayonets fixed on them.

♦ 我正在~螺丝呢。 I'm fixing the screws in place.

9. apply; paint; smear

♦ ~药膏 apply ointment

♦ 给门窗~漆 paint the door and windows

♦ 给机器~油 oil (or grease) the machine

10. be put on record; be carried (in a publication)

♦ 小王的先进事迹都~了电视了。 Xiao Wang's model deeds have been reported on TV.

11. wind; screw; tighten

♦ 表该~了。 The watch needs winding.

♦ 螺丝没有~紧。 The screw hasn't been tightened.

12. be engaged (in work, study, etc.) at a fixed time

♦ 我今天~中班。 I'm on the middle shift today.

♦ 她~大学了。 She's now in college.

♦ 明天的语文课还~不~？ Shall we have our Chinese lessons tomorrow or not?

13. up

♦ 跑~楼 run upstairs

♦ 登~山顶 reach the summit

♦ 爬~河堤 climb up to the top of the dyke

♦ 飞~蓝天 soar into the sky

♦ 踏~非洲的土地 set foot on African soil

14. (indicating the attainment of an objective)

♦ 锁~门 lock the door; lock up

♦ 买~电视机了 have bought a TV

♦ 她当~会计了。 She's become an accountant.

♦ 还没吃~饭呢。 I haven't eaten yet.

♦ 你跟他接~头了吗？ Have you got in touch with him?

15. (indicating that an action has started)

♦ 她爱~了我。 She's fallen in love with me.

♦ 他俩已聊~天了。 The two of them are having a good chat.

16. (indicating an amount, value or extent reached or to be reached)

♦ 我们没说~几句话车就开了。 We had barely enough time to exchange a few words before the train started.

17. up to; as many as

♦ ~百辆小汽车 up to a hundred cars

♦ 出席人数已~万。 There are as many as ten thousand present. or There is an attendance of 10, 000 or so.

介

1. on

♦ 脸~ on one's face

♦ 山顶~ at the mountaintop

♦ 墙~ on the wall

2. within (a certain area)

♦ 世界~ in the world

♦ 课堂~ in class

♦ 报纸~ in the newspapers

♦ 会~ at the meeting

3. in (some aspect)

♦ 事实~ in fact

♦ 历史~ in history

♦ 理论~ in theory; theoretically

♦ 在数量~占优势 excel in numbers

4. at (the age of)

♦ 他五岁~死了父亲。 His father died when he was five years old.

♦ 张大爷六十岁~得了孙子。 Uncle Zhang got his first grandson at sixty.

5. formerly, referring to the emperor

6. (used alone, esp. in contrast to 下) above

♦ 这个词是旧时下对~的称呼。 This word was used in the old days to address one's superiors.

7. (used after a preposition) up; upward

♦ 往~看 look up (at sth.)

♦ 向~拉 pull it up

♦ 这头朝~ this side up

♦ 向~反映情况 report the situation to the higher-ups